Sapang Balen Timeline

Sapang Balen Timeline
Angeles City

By Joel Pabustan Mallari and Robby Tantingco

In 1796, when founder Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda cleared a wooded area called Culiat to make way for a new settlement, he chose the spot near a creek that would later be known as Sapang Balen.

Sapang Balen is actually Taug River, which originates in barrio Cuayan and is an offshoot of Ebus River, an upland creek that emanates from the foothills of Mount Pinatubo and joins Abacan River near barrio Anunas. As Taug River nears the town proper, it assumes the generic name of Sapang Balen. According to historian Mariano A. Henson, Taug River/Sapang Balen regularly inundated the town of Angeles, until its headwaters gradually dried up and Taug River disappeared, leaving behind only the downstream Sapang Balen, which today begins as a spring in the grassy area between Carmenville Subdivision, Enclave and Cuayan. In the cataclysmic rearrangement of the landscape following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Taug River reappeared, wreaking havoc on the town proper of Angeles, like it had done so many times in the past. Today it has disappeared once again, and houses and subdivisions have sprouted in its wake.

Kabalasan (or Mabalas) River is the name given to Sapang Balen as it leaves Angeles City and proceeds to San Fernando. It joins Sapa Calulut River and Sindalan River before losing much of its water and becomes Maimpis River. It is called Kabalasan River because the river turns sandy at this point, or mabalas in Kapampangan. The current of these various rivers and creeks “bends and slows down” halfway through Barrio Sindalan, thus gaining a meandering shape— marked by old townfolks as sinandal. The water of these rivers and creeks continues to deccelerate, thin out, and turn shallow, thus becoming meímpis. This spot is what is known today as Barrio Maimpis.


























































































1811
Don Angel puts up his first house “on the northwest corner of the intersection of Sapang Balen creek and the road to Porac” (present Robin Theatre).

1850
Town population: 4,452. Number of houses: 742. Nipa palms (sasa) are still abundant in Angeles, especially along Sapang Balen in Mangga and Pulung Bulu.

1851
Townspeople build the first concerete bridge over Sapang Balen. Called Santo Rosario Bridge, it is located on the present Plaridel Street.

1854
The second concrete bridge, the Santo Angel Bridge, is built. It is located on Sto. Entierro Street, in front of the church.

1859
The third concrete bridge, the San Jose Bridge, is built . It is located near the Bale Herencia.

1881
Taug River overflows and destroys all three bridges on Sapang Balen, including several houses in barrio San Jose. Its floodwaters reaches as far as the present Villa Teresa Subdivision.

1885
Taug River again overflows into the Sapang Balen and finishes off the three bridges.

1912
Don Jose P. Henson (Mariano’s father) builds a levee to prevent the converging streams Sapang Bayu and Sapang Ebus from flowing into Sapang Balen.

1919
Patangue River and Taug River between barrios Cuayan and Pampang swell and wash away bridges in town

1972
Sapang Balen and Abacan River wreak havoc in Angeles during the monsoon season; dozens of houses in Pulung Bulu and San Jose are washed away.

1991
On June 15, Typhoon Yunya crosses Angeles at the same time that Mount Pinatubo erupts. As a result, a mixture of water, ash and mud from the slopes of the volcano flows in quantities more than the Abacan river channel can take, destroying all the bridges in its path. In downtown Angeles, the Sapang Balen also overflows its banks. Residents evacuate en masse. US servicemen and their families have also evacuated earlier.

1994
In August, the Pasig Potrero River nearly overtops Delta 5 Watchpoint, the area where it is nearest to Sapang Balen.

2003
Mayor Carmelo F. Lazatin and the Environmental Management Bureau of Department of Environment and Natural Resources (EMB-DENR) initiate a sustainable program in maintaining the cleanliness of waterways in the city. A memorandum of agreement (MOA) is signed affirming the respective tasks of various sectors in eliminating or minimizing pollution of water flowing through the Sapang Balen River.

Holy Angel University (HAU), represented by President Bernadette M. Nepomuceno, commits to conduct continuous community public education information drives for the sustainability of the project and to participate in actual monitoring. The barangay councils of San Jose represented by barangay chairman Benito Tiatco; Sto. Rosario, headed by barangay chairman Jose "Jiji" Paras Jr.; and Pulung Bulo, headed by barangay chairperson Gloria S. Tanhueco, also pledge support.

2009
In May, Bishop Pablo Virgilio David leads hundreds of volunteers and supporters in a river clean-up drive. Organized by the Social Action Center, “Sagip Sapang Balen” aims to raise consciousness especially among riverbanks residents and inspire in them a sense of personal responsibility for the cleanliness of the river.

2010
On March 13, Sagip Sapang Balen Concert with Noel Cabangon as guest is held at the HAU Chapel of the Holy Guardian Angel Piazza. Sponsored by the Social Action Center, the concert also features poetry reading and mural and painting exhibits.

Sagip Sapang Balen Concert

Sagip Sapang Balen Concert
On March 13, 2010 Sagip Sapang Balen Concert with Noel Cabangon as guest will be held at the HAU Chapel of the Holy Guardian Angel Piazza. Sponsored by the Social Action Center, the concert also features poetry reading and mural and painting exhibits.






Sagip Sapang Balen
Neng Anac ning Arenas

ing ilug ning Sapang Balen a balu na
ngani'ning testigu "inyang malati ya",
a menuknanganan keng calye Miranda
"malino yang danum cristal qng kaclara
nung nu detang asan dakal kakawe la
balulungi't bulig king kerakalan da"
neng bandang kaleldo pagtampison da pa
bista man maigit nang limampulung banua

ngana pa, "canita atatandanan cu
ing dating Gobernor Kitung Nepomucenu
darala no ilug karin magpa-presku
ding kaluguran na Letran nyang colegiu
dapot umpisa nyang datang ing progresu
bale at kumpanya dinatan deng todu
gewa deng tambakan, pitak na balamu
sabe ning basura 'bat king mataderu"

keni mang maki'dad a tau San Jose
ngana'ing, "Sapang Balen atatandanan ke
dakal ya masayang alaala keng bie
karin ke manasan, mandilung kakawe"
karen mang aliwa pasyalan deng pane
istung malisangan, ilug puntaan de
ding minunang baryu, keya la binebe
at ing danum uran ken ya mamalebe

ing ilug mike ya keng pangapabustan
dala ning progresu keng pangkalakalan
at dening keng balen tamu manungkulan
balamu mine deng akalimbatawan
migkulang la karing sapat a paralan
ban apanatili ya keng kalinisan
at ing Sapang Balen a ilug tang yaman
ngeni ilug nya mung nanung katang-katang

mika-"Sagip Sapang Balen" banuang metung
nung nu ing pisamban menyad yang prusisyun
dapot ing sangkan ning meging pamitipun
e mu espiritu ampon king relihiyun
at e la kandila ding karelang daun
nune saku, palis, suput ampon bayung
ban miyabe-abe at misasanmetung
sagipan ya'ing Sapang Balen tamung bugtung

dakal a sinaup mialiwang memaryu
tau Cuayan, Cutcut, at Sto Rosario
Pampang, San Nicolas, at Sto. Domingo
Pulungbulo at San Jose carin tau
ding Sta Trinidad dintang la, atilu
escuelang pribadu't escuelang publicu
ding Barangay Councils at dakal pang grupu
misaup-saup lang minambag sacoru.

at mengabigla la, mengapamulala
king dakal basurang e makapanwala
tone-tonelada ing dinat dang ikua
gagato, makalbug, misaksak, misapa
kulang pang panakut, trak mang labing-adua
nganing Bishop David, paring mengasiwa
"iti umpisa ya", nganang meninasa
ing pamiligtas da king ilug ding sabla

dakal la ding grupung susuporta keni
kaugne ning gubyernung Angeles City
deng lider king Parish of Holy Rosary
ing Kuliat Foundation, ampo ding Rotary
ding Knights of Columbus, Angeles University
HAU at Holy Family Academy
Angeles Businessmen's Association pati
deti mengacu la at andang masisti

dapot libutad ding sablang pamagpagal
ding mialiwang grupu at tau dang dakal
mas migit kaniti'ing kailangang pairal
ding bale't kumpanyang dapat midian aral
ban ing Sapang Balen luminis yang tutal
ala yang mitagan basura at sukal
uling sablang iti muli mu imburnal
cabang deng mumugse e la magmasabal




Sagip Sapang Balen
Neng Tarebalak Pangpang

Sisilim kng ilug, makanyan ku mong dinulung
Malungkut kung menakit, ala metung mang bulung
Uling ala nang bie tutubu metung mang dutung
Batung mengalumud eno murin makabulung

Kanitang minuna, ena mo rugu kalupa
Dakal pang bie a keti kan’ta mamanyampaga
At king sapang iti keti ya pin megumpisa
Ing matwang Balen Culiat ta’mung pamalsinta

Keti la menatagan ding minunang tau
Karing kapangpangan ning sapang paglwalu
Meyawus yang Sapang Balen lagyu nang masuyu
Makanyan yang minusbung at ngeni mayasensu

Keti kng sapang iti, minatsat ya’t siningkad
Kng progresu ning balen iyang meging pusad
Dakal bale’t, gusali, plantang mengatalakad
Ing dating malating baryu, lungsud neng malapad

Lungsud Angeles, “Syudad ning Pamikaluguran”
Iti na ing bansag tamu kng syudad a pakamalan
Mupin, nu ya anti ing lugud a keti disan
Nung kng kapaligiran meging berdugu neman

Dng ilug at sapa ding meging tambakan dinat
Lasun-kemikal, takla, basurang dakal sukat
Mangaugseng minu-minutu matalik mikalat
Anti ing sapang iti, lalanging singap-singap

Makatakut ya ngening lalawen iting sapa
Likidung marayuput kukusad gigitata
Mete ne ing bie keti, dagis man eno bisa
Dakal nang sakit, ampo mamagbantang sakuna

Ngening sisilim, malapit ne rugung makmul
Ing dalumdum ning bengi keti king sapang sawul
Sana bayu mabak, linisan neng kawul-kawul
Tara magpuyat tana, pakabyen la ring sibul

A-12 Marsu, 2010

ING SAPANG BALEN AT BALEN CULIAT

Neng Joel Pabustan Mallari

Ing Balen Culiat
Anyang I Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda kayabe ing asawa nang I Doña Rosalia de Jesus, dintang la kng Culiat, pinili de ing metung a lugal a mawake. Iti ing peka-pangulung baryu na kanita ning Balen San Fernando. Pinili de ing lugal a iti ban italakad de ing matwang balen ning Culiat – ing Lungsud Angeles ngeni. Ing matwang lugal a iti mitalakad ya kng paligid ning Sapang Balen nung nu mitmu yang mangalabung a tanaman at karutungan. Nanupata, iti ing meging sentru da ring adwang pekamatwang dalan – ing Sto.Rosario at ing Miranda. Deti dng adwang baryung ati kng mingatbang kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen. Anya makanyan mu namang dng mangatwang bale mangaragul, dng mansyun, ing pisambang Holy Rosary , ing dating munisipyu (ing Museo ning Angeles ngeni), dng mangatwang kamalig at dakal pang istruktura at bale dng pakadane keti.

Makanyan mu naman anya dng mangatwang baryu na pa ning Culiat o ning Angeles ning panaun ngeni, keti la akit pakadane kng kekaban ning sapang iti dng antimo Pampang, Sto. Domingo, Cutcut, San Nicolas, San Jose, Sta. Trinidad, Sto. Rosario at Pulung Bulu.






Sapang Balen ning Culiat
Ing salita o terminung sapa, lulto yang parikil kng malating ilug. Anya makanyan mu namang ing Ilug Abacan na lakwas kng karagul e ya mipalagwan a sapa. Kabang ing sapa na daragus kng libutad da ring matwang lugal ning Sto.Rosario at Miranda ing meawus a sapa ulin na ning iti mas malati ya kng Abacan at keti ya ing meging pekalibutad, ing pekasentru, ing peka-poblacion ning matwang baryu ning Culiat. Kng lugal a iti keti ne ikit ning menatagan a Don Angel ing masanting a lugal ban umpisan talakad ing baryu na datang ing panaun yang maging balen ning Culiat, ing lungsud ning Angeles ngeni.

Agpang ketang amlat a “A Brief History of the Town of Angeles “ na sinulat na kanitang Mariano Henson, anyang a-20 ning Julyu, 1881, atin metung a bagyung dintang nung nu mengibugnus yang masikan a uran at ikwa nang meragul ning ilug na awsan dang Taug. Ing ilug a iti dati yang sususu kng dake ning matwang baryu ning Pampang, at makanyan yang magdalang maburak at magbanlik a agus papunta kng Sapang Balen. Keti makanyan yang maragul a sinira ing Sapang Balen nung nu ikwa nalang binitas dng atlung mangatwang tete (na megawa anya pang 1850) ning Culiat, dakal a bale ning Baryu San Jose.









Karing matwang kasalesayan, ing Ilug Taug kanita, manibat ya ing kadanuman na kng Baryu Cuayan. Iti ing pekasuli na mo ning Ilug Ebus na pakasusu kng saladsad ning Bunduk Pinatubu nung nu makyabe ya keti ing Ilug Abacan. At manibat anyang mawala ya ing matwang ilug ning Taug kng bandang pangulu makanyan yang mitagan ing dake nang mawli, ing Sapang Balen ngeni. Makanyan munaman, bayu ing banwang 1796, ing Ilug Taug ayayakwa na pang mipapalawut pilan dalan a katakbangan kng pigulut ning pisamban Holy Rosary balang mangasikan ing bulus ning panaung kauran. Makanyan munaman ing milyari alimbawa anyang ketang banwang 1972, ing Sapang Balen inyud na la dng dakal a bale ning Barangay San Jose, at makanyan mu naman anyang ketang a-15 ning Junyu banwang 1991, linapo ya iti dala na ning pamanakbung ning Bunduk Pinatubu..

Kng katunayan, ing Sapang Balen ing matwang dalan ning Ilug Taug, at ketang malwat nang panaun a milabas, mipalyaring iti siniku ya at makanyan yang tinaglus kng kasalungsungang kailugan ning Abacan. Anya makanyan yang miglakwang lugal a mengalangi nung nu keti la mitalakad dng kasalungsungang lugal dng baryu ning Cuayan, Carmenville Subdivision at ing kabalenan. Ngening panaun a iti, ing peka-ulu na pakasusu karing subdivision banda kng pilatan ning Carmenville at Cuayan ing daragus pababa, iti ing Sapang Balen na magmawli papunta keng kabalenan.








Dng ibatan dng baryung pakapinpin kng Sapang Balen
Bukud karing mangatwang dalan ning Sto.Rosario at Miranda, dng barangay ning Pampang, Sto. Domingo, Cutcut, San Nicolas, San Jose, Sta. Trinidad, Sto. Rosario at Pulúng Bulu ilamo dng masasabing minunang mengatalakad kng matwang Culiat na midanedane kng matanaman a kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen.

Ing Pulúng Bulu, alimbawa makalugal ya kng daneng pangulung-aslagan ning Sapang Balen. Ing lagyu na ibat ya kng mikuyug salitang “pulúng” (kakewan) at “bulu” (Schizostachyum lumampao [Blanco] Merr., metung a uri ning kuayan) kng pangpang na kanita ning Sapang Balen. Kabang ing Santo Domingo naman dati deng awsan a “Tibág” na buri nang sabyan kng matwang Kapampangan bilang talangpas o matas a pangpang nung nu maralas mangalaglag ing gabun. Katunayan, atin pang metung a sityu na pamalagwanan da kng aus a iti, ing “Tibag” na ati kng pilatan ning San Jose at Sto. Domingo na tutung malapit kng Sapang Balen. Iti malapit ya naman ketang matwang tramu dng dating tren a pupulayi at daralan kng Angeles. Metung pang sityu ing makaplagyu malapit kaniti, ing Tibágin Sta. Trinidad malapit Barangay San Nicolas at makanyan munaman ing malapit ya kng Sapang Balen.

Ing danum ning Sapang Balen makanyan ya naman tataglus papunta kng Lungsud San Fernando. Ing Ilug Kabalasan (o Mabalas) nung nu yang pekamaragul nang suli ning Sapang Balen pupulayi ya at durugtung yang mawli kng Sapa Calulut at Ilug Sindalan River bayu ya magisan a danum kng banding Barangay Maimpis. Inawus deng Ilug Kabalasan uling ing dake na ning sapang iti lulto ya pang mabalas dala na ning masalusu nang agus. Kabang kng banding Barangay Sindalan, ing danum na sisiku ya, at antimong sasandal makanyan yang mipamalagwangan “sindalan” ing dane pigulutan ning pisalingkwan ning sapa bayu ya magisan ing danum na, ing paimpis nang agus, ing “maímpis” ning Barangay Maimpis ngeni.

Mapilan karing matwang bale at lugal a mitalakad karing mingatbang kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen circa 1940s*














Maulagang petsang parikil kng Balen Culiat at ning Sapang Balen

1811
Ing retiradung I Don Angel Pantaleo, ikwa na neng alinis ing Culiat at makanyan na neng atalakad ing mumuna nang bale “on the northwest corner of the intersection of Sapang Balen creek and the road to Porac” (datang ing panaun, iti ing maging lugal ning dating Robin Theatre). Iti makanyan ne mu namang ibye kng pisamban para gawan kamposantung matua.

1850
Ing populasyun ning balen: 4,452. Kabilangan dng bale: 742. Dng pinaud (bale kubung gawa kng paud, bulung sasa) tutu la pang marakal kanita keti Angeles lalu na karing mingatbang kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen karing barangay Mangga at Pulung Bulu.

1851
Dng memalen, telakad de ing tete ning Santo Rosario, gawa keng batu, nung nu ya pakatalakad ing gusali ning Saver’s Mart Kantu Plaridel. Atlu mung banwa ing milabas, ing Tete Santo Angel mibuklat ya kng arapan ning kasalungusngang pisamban maragul. Kabang ing katlung tete na mitalakad babo ning Sapang Balen, iyapin ing Tete San Jose Bridge na meyari kalabas ning limang banwa..

1881
Ing banwang iti, ing Ilug Taug River linapo ya, at makanyan pilbug ing kabalenan, at inyud dng atlung tete at dakal a bale kng Baryu San Jose. Ing mapaminsalang ilug a iti maralas yang lalapo at maralas neng papalbug ing dane albugan ning kabalenan nung nu akwa na pang miraras ning danum angga kng lugal ning kasalungsungang Villa Teresa Subdivision.

1885
Ing Ilug Taug misan ya pang linapo angga kng Sapang Balen, misan pang sinira dng atlung tete.

1972
Ing Sapang Balen and Ilug Abacan menyalanta la kng kabilugan ning Balen Angeles ketang panaun ning matinding kauran ning banwang iti; marakal a bale at pibandyan ing minyud lalu na kng dake ning Pulung Bulu at San Jose.

1991
Anyang a-15 ning Junyu, ing bagyung Yunya dinalan ya kng lungsud a iti kayagnan ning pamamakbung ning Bunduk Pinatubu. Ing resulta, misamut a danum ning ilug, at burak a menibat kng saladsad ning Pinatubu ing dinagus a karagulan kng Ilug Abacan at menyira karing dakal a pibandian. Kabang linapo nemang karagulan ing Sapang Balen.

Kapangpangan ngeni at kanita
Karing dakal a amlat at kasalesayan dng balang balen keti babo sulip, dng mangatwang kabiyasnan o sibilisasyun memagumpisa lang mengatalakad karing kapangpangan da ring mangaulangang kailugan, karing sapa at paranaum na magsilbing peka dalan ning kulturang pangkabyayan. Ing matwang Ehiptu megumpisa ya kng Ilug Nile, ing awsan dang “Fertile Crescent” atin yang ilug ning Tigris at Euphrates, dng pipumpunan da ring Isik at Indianu atin lang Ilug Yangtse at Hindu. Makanyan munaman dng mengapapaunang tau keti Lusung (na datang ing panaun yang maging La Pampanga at ing dake ning Menila) atin lang Ilug Kapampangan, ing inawus da ring Español a “Rio Grande de Pampanga”. Nanupata keti la lalung mekilala dng manuknangan keti, dng tau karing “pangpang” – dng balu tamu ngening “Kapampangan”.
Kng Lungsud Angeles, iti megsilbi ya namang meulit ing matwang panugaling iti, anyang ing menatagan a I Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda ginubat de ing kakewan ning matwang lugal a iti para italakad ing Balen Culiat, sinarya neng pilinan ing malagung kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen. Iti ing dating malating ilug a daragul patse kauran, ing mitmu kng sentingan uli na ning mangalabung nang tanaman at karutungan. Iti ing dating lugal a emu masanting pitalakaran bale nunge pipanasanan, pipandilwan at pipamasyalan kanita. Kasalungsungan, magsilbi nemung maragul a kanal piyuyugsyanan basura, lugal a tutung mengapaburen at alang patugut a makakalingwan na karing taung manuknangan keti.











Sagip Sapang Balen
Karing mengapalabas a panawun, atin naring dakal a grupu dng memalen dng memagnasang sumapwup ban linisan yang pasibayu ing mipaburane at marinat nang bili ning makasalesayang Sapang Balen. Anyang a-12 ning Oktubri ning banwang 2003, dakal a grupu at aguman a menibatan karing pribadung sector at barangay dng mikyabe kng programa na kanitang Meyor Meyor Carmelo F. Lazatin at ning Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) ban mikaprogramang magpanatili kng kalinisan da ring ilug at sapa ning Lungsud Angeles – partikular pin keti ing Sapang Balen.

Ing Holy Angel University (HAU), nung nu penimunan na kanita ning dati nang presidenti I Bernadette M. Nepomuceno, ing mengakung sumawup kng pamanyagip at pamaglinis. Kayabe karing sinuporta kng programang iti dng kapitan dng apektadung barangay anti di Benito Tiatco, Jose "Jiji" Paras Jr. ning Sto. Rosario at Gloria S. Tanhueco ning Pulung Bulo.

Banwang 2009 naman, a-23 ning Mayu kanita anyang mibyayan yang pasibayu ing kimutan ning pamanyagip kng ilu ning Sapang Balen. Dakal amemalen dng mititpun-tipun kanita dng miyakit-akit kng arap ning Pisamban Sto.Rosario ban umpisan pasibabyu ing pamaglinis. Imbes na kandila, plakard, palis at saku dng karelang darala anting magprusisyun papunta kng Sapanga Balen na penimunan na kanitang Obispo Auxiliary Pablo Virgilio David. Kkng lalam ning programan ning Social Action Center ning mesabing pisamban ning Sto. Rosario, ing pamaglinis a iti pemansagan deng “Sagip Sapang Balen,” nun gnu nasa da ing mayagyga la pa dng aliwa pang mangaintulid antimo dng kng sektor ning gubyernu at manungkulan keti, dng negosyanti, at dng kabilugan a memalen ning Lungsud Angeles.

Kng kasalungsungan, ing matuling at marinat a bili ning sapa ditak-ditak nemong lilinis a sinulad. Iti pauli na ning parakal nong parakal dng magmalasakit kng pamaglinis kng sapa. Dakal a grupu daring memalen lalu na karing dane da ring estudyanti anti dng mag-NSTP, mag-scouting, at aliwa pang grupu dng regular a makisawpan. Dng aliwa pang mengakung makisawpan mula pa kanitang banwang 2009 kayabe la dng kng Rotary, Knights of Columbus, Kuliat Foundation, Angeles Businessmen's Association dng iskwelang kalupa na ning Holy Angel University, Angeles University Foundation at Holy Family Academy. Dng aliwa pang makisawpan kng kimutan a iti dng representanti ibat karing barangay Cuayan, Cutcut, Pampang, Sta. Trinidad, San Nicolas, Sto. Rosario, Pulungbulo, San Jose, Sto. Domingo, dng kng Barangay Council; miyaliwang representating manibat karing aliwa pang pampubliku at pribadung iskwela, ing lokal a gubyernu, miyaliwang asosayun dng homeowners, grupung negosyanti, agumang pang-sibiku at pang-pisamban at aliwa pang makipagmalasakitan dng parakal na karing makyabe.

Kng daratang a a-13 ning Marsu mika-konsyertu para kng Sapang Balen. Iti “Sagip Sapang Balen” nun gnu I Noel Cabangon ing pekapandangal a magkanta. Kabang dng grupu daring pintor at potograper naman dng gagawang kanya-kanyang obra na magpapakit kng bili at legwan ning Sapang Balen ban ieksibit la reti kayabe munaman kng proyektung pamanyagip kng mesabing sapa ning Lungsud Angeles.

Dalerayan kasulutan:
Fabian, Dante M. (October 21, 2003) More groups join Angeles waterway clean-up. Ketang Sun.Star Pampanga

Flora, Ian Ocampo (May 23, 2009) Bishop leads hundreds in river clean-up. Ketang Sun.Star Pampanga

Henson, Mariano A. (1830) A Brief History of the Town of Angeles. Mimeoscript

Mallari, Joel Pabustan and Ruel Manaloto (2005) Origin of Placenames in Angeles: Salapungan da ring Memalen ning Matuang Culiat. In Tales of Two Cities. Singsing Vol.4 No.1. Juan D. Nepomusceno Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University, Angeles City. Pp. 71 - 77

Mallari, Joel Pabustan and Arnel D. Garcia (2005) Ing Makuliat nang Ibatan ning Angeles – Culiat: San Fernando’s Northernmost Barrio. In Tales of Two Cities. Singsing Vol.4 No.1. Juan D. Nepomusceno Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University, Angeles City. Pp. 18-19

Manese, Charlene P. (2005) Sapang Balen and Its Violent Past: In Rivers the Lost Highways of Pampanga. Singsing Vol.3 No.2. Juan D. Nepomusceno Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University, Angeles City. Pp. 18-19

Mendoza, Erlita (2006) A Cofradia of Two. Holy Angel University Press

Navarro, Nicolas Vicente (1840) Ing Pangatatag ning Balen Angeles

Sangil, Greg L. Historical Events in Angeles City (152nd Foundation Day Souvenir Program)