ING SAPANG BALEN AT BALEN CULIAT

Neng Joel Pabustan Mallari

Ing Balen Culiat
Anyang I Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda kayabe ing asawa nang I Doña Rosalia de Jesus, dintang la kng Culiat, pinili de ing metung a lugal a mawake. Iti ing peka-pangulung baryu na kanita ning Balen San Fernando. Pinili de ing lugal a iti ban italakad de ing matwang balen ning Culiat – ing Lungsud Angeles ngeni. Ing matwang lugal a iti mitalakad ya kng paligid ning Sapang Balen nung nu mitmu yang mangalabung a tanaman at karutungan. Nanupata, iti ing meging sentru da ring adwang pekamatwang dalan – ing Sto.Rosario at ing Miranda. Deti dng adwang baryung ati kng mingatbang kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen. Anya makanyan mu namang dng mangatwang bale mangaragul, dng mansyun, ing pisambang Holy Rosary , ing dating munisipyu (ing Museo ning Angeles ngeni), dng mangatwang kamalig at dakal pang istruktura at bale dng pakadane keti.

Makanyan mu naman anya dng mangatwang baryu na pa ning Culiat o ning Angeles ning panaun ngeni, keti la akit pakadane kng kekaban ning sapang iti dng antimo Pampang, Sto. Domingo, Cutcut, San Nicolas, San Jose, Sta. Trinidad, Sto. Rosario at Pulung Bulu.






Sapang Balen ning Culiat
Ing salita o terminung sapa, lulto yang parikil kng malating ilug. Anya makanyan mu namang ing Ilug Abacan na lakwas kng karagul e ya mipalagwan a sapa. Kabang ing sapa na daragus kng libutad da ring matwang lugal ning Sto.Rosario at Miranda ing meawus a sapa ulin na ning iti mas malati ya kng Abacan at keti ya ing meging pekalibutad, ing pekasentru, ing peka-poblacion ning matwang baryu ning Culiat. Kng lugal a iti keti ne ikit ning menatagan a Don Angel ing masanting a lugal ban umpisan talakad ing baryu na datang ing panaun yang maging balen ning Culiat, ing lungsud ning Angeles ngeni.

Agpang ketang amlat a “A Brief History of the Town of Angeles “ na sinulat na kanitang Mariano Henson, anyang a-20 ning Julyu, 1881, atin metung a bagyung dintang nung nu mengibugnus yang masikan a uran at ikwa nang meragul ning ilug na awsan dang Taug. Ing ilug a iti dati yang sususu kng dake ning matwang baryu ning Pampang, at makanyan yang magdalang maburak at magbanlik a agus papunta kng Sapang Balen. Keti makanyan yang maragul a sinira ing Sapang Balen nung nu ikwa nalang binitas dng atlung mangatwang tete (na megawa anya pang 1850) ning Culiat, dakal a bale ning Baryu San Jose.









Karing matwang kasalesayan, ing Ilug Taug kanita, manibat ya ing kadanuman na kng Baryu Cuayan. Iti ing pekasuli na mo ning Ilug Ebus na pakasusu kng saladsad ning Bunduk Pinatubu nung nu makyabe ya keti ing Ilug Abacan. At manibat anyang mawala ya ing matwang ilug ning Taug kng bandang pangulu makanyan yang mitagan ing dake nang mawli, ing Sapang Balen ngeni. Makanyan munaman, bayu ing banwang 1796, ing Ilug Taug ayayakwa na pang mipapalawut pilan dalan a katakbangan kng pigulut ning pisamban Holy Rosary balang mangasikan ing bulus ning panaung kauran. Makanyan munaman ing milyari alimbawa anyang ketang banwang 1972, ing Sapang Balen inyud na la dng dakal a bale ning Barangay San Jose, at makanyan mu naman anyang ketang a-15 ning Junyu banwang 1991, linapo ya iti dala na ning pamanakbung ning Bunduk Pinatubu..

Kng katunayan, ing Sapang Balen ing matwang dalan ning Ilug Taug, at ketang malwat nang panaun a milabas, mipalyaring iti siniku ya at makanyan yang tinaglus kng kasalungsungang kailugan ning Abacan. Anya makanyan yang miglakwang lugal a mengalangi nung nu keti la mitalakad dng kasalungsungang lugal dng baryu ning Cuayan, Carmenville Subdivision at ing kabalenan. Ngening panaun a iti, ing peka-ulu na pakasusu karing subdivision banda kng pilatan ning Carmenville at Cuayan ing daragus pababa, iti ing Sapang Balen na magmawli papunta keng kabalenan.








Dng ibatan dng baryung pakapinpin kng Sapang Balen
Bukud karing mangatwang dalan ning Sto.Rosario at Miranda, dng barangay ning Pampang, Sto. Domingo, Cutcut, San Nicolas, San Jose, Sta. Trinidad, Sto. Rosario at Pulúng Bulu ilamo dng masasabing minunang mengatalakad kng matwang Culiat na midanedane kng matanaman a kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen.

Ing Pulúng Bulu, alimbawa makalugal ya kng daneng pangulung-aslagan ning Sapang Balen. Ing lagyu na ibat ya kng mikuyug salitang “pulúng” (kakewan) at “bulu” (Schizostachyum lumampao [Blanco] Merr., metung a uri ning kuayan) kng pangpang na kanita ning Sapang Balen. Kabang ing Santo Domingo naman dati deng awsan a “Tibág” na buri nang sabyan kng matwang Kapampangan bilang talangpas o matas a pangpang nung nu maralas mangalaglag ing gabun. Katunayan, atin pang metung a sityu na pamalagwanan da kng aus a iti, ing “Tibag” na ati kng pilatan ning San Jose at Sto. Domingo na tutung malapit kng Sapang Balen. Iti malapit ya naman ketang matwang tramu dng dating tren a pupulayi at daralan kng Angeles. Metung pang sityu ing makaplagyu malapit kaniti, ing Tibágin Sta. Trinidad malapit Barangay San Nicolas at makanyan munaman ing malapit ya kng Sapang Balen.

Ing danum ning Sapang Balen makanyan ya naman tataglus papunta kng Lungsud San Fernando. Ing Ilug Kabalasan (o Mabalas) nung nu yang pekamaragul nang suli ning Sapang Balen pupulayi ya at durugtung yang mawli kng Sapa Calulut at Ilug Sindalan River bayu ya magisan a danum kng banding Barangay Maimpis. Inawus deng Ilug Kabalasan uling ing dake na ning sapang iti lulto ya pang mabalas dala na ning masalusu nang agus. Kabang kng banding Barangay Sindalan, ing danum na sisiku ya, at antimong sasandal makanyan yang mipamalagwangan “sindalan” ing dane pigulutan ning pisalingkwan ning sapa bayu ya magisan ing danum na, ing paimpis nang agus, ing “maímpis” ning Barangay Maimpis ngeni.

Mapilan karing matwang bale at lugal a mitalakad karing mingatbang kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen circa 1940s*














Maulagang petsang parikil kng Balen Culiat at ning Sapang Balen

1811
Ing retiradung I Don Angel Pantaleo, ikwa na neng alinis ing Culiat at makanyan na neng atalakad ing mumuna nang bale “on the northwest corner of the intersection of Sapang Balen creek and the road to Porac” (datang ing panaun, iti ing maging lugal ning dating Robin Theatre). Iti makanyan ne mu namang ibye kng pisamban para gawan kamposantung matua.

1850
Ing populasyun ning balen: 4,452. Kabilangan dng bale: 742. Dng pinaud (bale kubung gawa kng paud, bulung sasa) tutu la pang marakal kanita keti Angeles lalu na karing mingatbang kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen karing barangay Mangga at Pulung Bulu.

1851
Dng memalen, telakad de ing tete ning Santo Rosario, gawa keng batu, nung nu ya pakatalakad ing gusali ning Saver’s Mart Kantu Plaridel. Atlu mung banwa ing milabas, ing Tete Santo Angel mibuklat ya kng arapan ning kasalungusngang pisamban maragul. Kabang ing katlung tete na mitalakad babo ning Sapang Balen, iyapin ing Tete San Jose Bridge na meyari kalabas ning limang banwa..

1881
Ing banwang iti, ing Ilug Taug River linapo ya, at makanyan pilbug ing kabalenan, at inyud dng atlung tete at dakal a bale kng Baryu San Jose. Ing mapaminsalang ilug a iti maralas yang lalapo at maralas neng papalbug ing dane albugan ning kabalenan nung nu akwa na pang miraras ning danum angga kng lugal ning kasalungsungang Villa Teresa Subdivision.

1885
Ing Ilug Taug misan ya pang linapo angga kng Sapang Balen, misan pang sinira dng atlung tete.

1972
Ing Sapang Balen and Ilug Abacan menyalanta la kng kabilugan ning Balen Angeles ketang panaun ning matinding kauran ning banwang iti; marakal a bale at pibandyan ing minyud lalu na kng dake ning Pulung Bulu at San Jose.

1991
Anyang a-15 ning Junyu, ing bagyung Yunya dinalan ya kng lungsud a iti kayagnan ning pamamakbung ning Bunduk Pinatubu. Ing resulta, misamut a danum ning ilug, at burak a menibat kng saladsad ning Pinatubu ing dinagus a karagulan kng Ilug Abacan at menyira karing dakal a pibandian. Kabang linapo nemang karagulan ing Sapang Balen.

Kapangpangan ngeni at kanita
Karing dakal a amlat at kasalesayan dng balang balen keti babo sulip, dng mangatwang kabiyasnan o sibilisasyun memagumpisa lang mengatalakad karing kapangpangan da ring mangaulangang kailugan, karing sapa at paranaum na magsilbing peka dalan ning kulturang pangkabyayan. Ing matwang Ehiptu megumpisa ya kng Ilug Nile, ing awsan dang “Fertile Crescent” atin yang ilug ning Tigris at Euphrates, dng pipumpunan da ring Isik at Indianu atin lang Ilug Yangtse at Hindu. Makanyan munaman dng mengapapaunang tau keti Lusung (na datang ing panaun yang maging La Pampanga at ing dake ning Menila) atin lang Ilug Kapampangan, ing inawus da ring Español a “Rio Grande de Pampanga”. Nanupata keti la lalung mekilala dng manuknangan keti, dng tau karing “pangpang” – dng balu tamu ngening “Kapampangan”.
Kng Lungsud Angeles, iti megsilbi ya namang meulit ing matwang panugaling iti, anyang ing menatagan a I Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda ginubat de ing kakewan ning matwang lugal a iti para italakad ing Balen Culiat, sinarya neng pilinan ing malagung kapangpangan ning Sapang Balen. Iti ing dating malating ilug a daragul patse kauran, ing mitmu kng sentingan uli na ning mangalabung nang tanaman at karutungan. Iti ing dating lugal a emu masanting pitalakaran bale nunge pipanasanan, pipandilwan at pipamasyalan kanita. Kasalungsungan, magsilbi nemung maragul a kanal piyuyugsyanan basura, lugal a tutung mengapaburen at alang patugut a makakalingwan na karing taung manuknangan keti.











Sagip Sapang Balen
Karing mengapalabas a panawun, atin naring dakal a grupu dng memalen dng memagnasang sumapwup ban linisan yang pasibayu ing mipaburane at marinat nang bili ning makasalesayang Sapang Balen. Anyang a-12 ning Oktubri ning banwang 2003, dakal a grupu at aguman a menibatan karing pribadung sector at barangay dng mikyabe kng programa na kanitang Meyor Meyor Carmelo F. Lazatin at ning Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) ban mikaprogramang magpanatili kng kalinisan da ring ilug at sapa ning Lungsud Angeles – partikular pin keti ing Sapang Balen.

Ing Holy Angel University (HAU), nung nu penimunan na kanita ning dati nang presidenti I Bernadette M. Nepomuceno, ing mengakung sumawup kng pamanyagip at pamaglinis. Kayabe karing sinuporta kng programang iti dng kapitan dng apektadung barangay anti di Benito Tiatco, Jose "Jiji" Paras Jr. ning Sto. Rosario at Gloria S. Tanhueco ning Pulung Bulo.

Banwang 2009 naman, a-23 ning Mayu kanita anyang mibyayan yang pasibayu ing kimutan ning pamanyagip kng ilu ning Sapang Balen. Dakal amemalen dng mititpun-tipun kanita dng miyakit-akit kng arap ning Pisamban Sto.Rosario ban umpisan pasibabyu ing pamaglinis. Imbes na kandila, plakard, palis at saku dng karelang darala anting magprusisyun papunta kng Sapanga Balen na penimunan na kanitang Obispo Auxiliary Pablo Virgilio David. Kkng lalam ning programan ning Social Action Center ning mesabing pisamban ning Sto. Rosario, ing pamaglinis a iti pemansagan deng “Sagip Sapang Balen,” nun gnu nasa da ing mayagyga la pa dng aliwa pang mangaintulid antimo dng kng sektor ning gubyernu at manungkulan keti, dng negosyanti, at dng kabilugan a memalen ning Lungsud Angeles.

Kng kasalungsungan, ing matuling at marinat a bili ning sapa ditak-ditak nemong lilinis a sinulad. Iti pauli na ning parakal nong parakal dng magmalasakit kng pamaglinis kng sapa. Dakal a grupu daring memalen lalu na karing dane da ring estudyanti anti dng mag-NSTP, mag-scouting, at aliwa pang grupu dng regular a makisawpan. Dng aliwa pang mengakung makisawpan mula pa kanitang banwang 2009 kayabe la dng kng Rotary, Knights of Columbus, Kuliat Foundation, Angeles Businessmen's Association dng iskwelang kalupa na ning Holy Angel University, Angeles University Foundation at Holy Family Academy. Dng aliwa pang makisawpan kng kimutan a iti dng representanti ibat karing barangay Cuayan, Cutcut, Pampang, Sta. Trinidad, San Nicolas, Sto. Rosario, Pulungbulo, San Jose, Sto. Domingo, dng kng Barangay Council; miyaliwang representating manibat karing aliwa pang pampubliku at pribadung iskwela, ing lokal a gubyernu, miyaliwang asosayun dng homeowners, grupung negosyanti, agumang pang-sibiku at pang-pisamban at aliwa pang makipagmalasakitan dng parakal na karing makyabe.

Kng daratang a a-13 ning Marsu mika-konsyertu para kng Sapang Balen. Iti “Sagip Sapang Balen” nun gnu I Noel Cabangon ing pekapandangal a magkanta. Kabang dng grupu daring pintor at potograper naman dng gagawang kanya-kanyang obra na magpapakit kng bili at legwan ning Sapang Balen ban ieksibit la reti kayabe munaman kng proyektung pamanyagip kng mesabing sapa ning Lungsud Angeles.

Dalerayan kasulutan:
Fabian, Dante M. (October 21, 2003) More groups join Angeles waterway clean-up. Ketang Sun.Star Pampanga

Flora, Ian Ocampo (May 23, 2009) Bishop leads hundreds in river clean-up. Ketang Sun.Star Pampanga

Henson, Mariano A. (1830) A Brief History of the Town of Angeles. Mimeoscript

Mallari, Joel Pabustan and Ruel Manaloto (2005) Origin of Placenames in Angeles: Salapungan da ring Memalen ning Matuang Culiat. In Tales of Two Cities. Singsing Vol.4 No.1. Juan D. Nepomusceno Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University, Angeles City. Pp. 71 - 77

Mallari, Joel Pabustan and Arnel D. Garcia (2005) Ing Makuliat nang Ibatan ning Angeles – Culiat: San Fernando’s Northernmost Barrio. In Tales of Two Cities. Singsing Vol.4 No.1. Juan D. Nepomusceno Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University, Angeles City. Pp. 18-19

Manese, Charlene P. (2005) Sapang Balen and Its Violent Past: In Rivers the Lost Highways of Pampanga. Singsing Vol.3 No.2. Juan D. Nepomusceno Center for Kapampangan Studies, Holy Angel University, Angeles City. Pp. 18-19

Mendoza, Erlita (2006) A Cofradia of Two. Holy Angel University Press

Navarro, Nicolas Vicente (1840) Ing Pangatatag ning Balen Angeles

Sangil, Greg L. Historical Events in Angeles City (152nd Foundation Day Souvenir Program)

FORGING PANDAY PIRA

By Joel P. Mallari

Pande Pira acknowledged as the first Filipino metallurgist, was said to have lived between 1483 and 1576. He had devised the cannons using a mold of clay and wax which Muslim leader Rajah Suliman used to protect Manila against the invading Spanish troops. This legendary metalsmith was later recruited to equip the walled city of Intramuros. He set up a foundry for cannons and other artillery for the defense of Manila, founded at the same time as Pampanga. He invented the lantaka, small cannon that could be rotated or maneuvered at any desired angle and direction during battle. He was also asked by the Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to manufacture lantakas for galleons and warships as the Spaniards prepared to conquer more lands in the archipelago and throughout Southeast Asia. Prior to this, Pande Pira surprised Rajah Suliman when he made cannons using a mold of clay and wax.

Finding Panday Pira’s Place
Pande Pira was said to hail from the Barrio of Capalangan, Apalit. In some oral documentation he was said to be an immigrant from Borney (Borneo) to Apalit where he had relatives and later decided to settle for good. Other sources say the metalsmith came from Tarlac, while some old folks of Sta. Ana, Pampanga claim his residency to be their place. He was also said to be born in one of the islands in southern Philippines in 1483. Still another account puts the famed expert to have come from Barrio Bangcal of Guagua, Pampanga, and eventually migrated to Apalit after the pacification of the province by the Spanish authorities. Oral accounts among the old Pabustan clans of Pampanga and Tarlac traced their ancestry line with Pande Pira.
He trained the early Kapampangans to make the first iron farm implements and weapons which the Filipinos used to fight for their freedom from the Spaniards from the time Bambalito (a.k.a. Tarik Suliman) led a 4,000 strong warriors from Macabebe in the famous Battle of Bankusay of 1571, and the 1896-1898 revolution, like the “sanbartolome”, the favorite tulipas of Andres Bonifacio. His products, such as kampit (knife), palang (bolo for clearing thicket), panabud (bolo for chopping wood), sudsud (plowshare), talibung (scabbarb), sundang (dagger), lepia (moldboard), lantaka and kabungul (small cannons and culverins) were said to be of such superior quality. When he died in 1576, Spanish officials wrote their king that “no one among us can take his place.” But his craft spread to places like Taal and Balisong in Batangas; Meycuayan, Bulacan; Orion, Bataan; Calasiao, Pangasinan; Santa, Ilocos Sur; Cabagan, Isabela—places where the craft has survived even to this day.
















De Morga’s accounts
Accounts of how Pandapira or Pande [panday] Pira became a "cannon-maker" can be traced and credited to Rizal who published an annotated edition of Morga in 1890. Pandapira or Pande [panday] Pira is found in the 5th chapter of Antonio de Morga's "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas". This chapter relates the events during the term of Spanish Governor-General Santiago de Vera and makes reference to a foundry run by Pandapira:

"[Perez Dasmariñas] established a foundry for artillery in Manila where, owing to the lack of expert or master founders, few large pieces were made."

Thus it can be said that his products were of superior quality that he was recruited as official cannon-maker of Spain for the colony. Ambeth Ocampo notes that Jose Rizal took the opportunity to point out, in a footnote, that the indigenous foundry run by Panday Pira disappeared after the Spaniards settled in Manila. In another edition of De Morga’s work, by W.E. Retana in 1909, A.Ocampo noticed longer footnotes about Panday Pira that include transcriptions of 16th century archival documents from Seville that refute Rizal's nationalistic assertions that cannon-making was a flourishing indigenous industry. The documents from the colonial government in Manila requesting higher authorities in Mexico to send cannon-makers show that the Filipinos were unable to forge the thick European-style cannons. A letter from Governor Vera on June 26, 1587 to the viceroy in Mexico gives an account of his artillery and requests more founders and officers to manufacture cannons. According to Retana, the 26 large pieces alluded to by De Vera could have come from the Spanish ships or from those made by Robles, the Spanish master founder. This made Retana question the skills of Panday Pira and his sons as seen from De Vera's request. Moreover, Retana notes that Robles died before 1587, suggesting that his arrival in the Philippines would have been before that year which was to the time of Pande Pira. However, at that time the natives were already using lantaka and cabungul the much leaner type of cannons, which required different metal technology entirely different from that of the bigger European cannons.













Panday, palang and lantaka
The term "panday" in Java, Borneo, and the Philippines means "metal worker" or "ironsmith." In the Bocabulario of Fray Diego Bergaño, panday means “smithy, a worker on metals, like a silversmith”. Old tradition maintains that Panday Pira even went as far as Ilocos and Isabela in the north and Batangas in the south of Luzon in training the early villagers in the metal smith industry. His name “Pira” may have come from at least two possible origins: pilak, meaning “silver”; or pirah, a two-handed chopping and cutting tool, broad backed with deeply concave blade parang (like the Philippine-Indonesian barong and wedung). The parang is the Malay equivalent of the machete, or the Kapampangan palang, the big knife or bolo.

On the other hand, the swivel cannon known as the lantaka is not exclusive to the Philippines, but throughout Southeast Asia. In Indonesia and Malaysia, the majority of the cannons are Dutch & Portuguese, cast in Europe as well as in their colonies. Usually no longer than 2 meters, it may be as small as 2cm in length, although the average length is 120cm-160cm. It was used in obligatory salutes, ceremonial firings as well as a form of currency. A man’s wealth was determined by the number of cannons he owned. In general, the finer lantakas were cast by the Dutch colonials after 1650 in Malaysia and Indonesia. In fact, the finer detail, design and quality control prevailed as many were founded in Holland for export. A number of foundries were also located in Java and Sumatra, in particular, Batavia - the capital of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesia. These guns were primarily cast as currency for trading spices. The Portuguese lantaka were usually cast in Malaysia and Borneo up to the early 1600's. They were not as refined as the Dutch but rather set the standard design which the Dutch would later replicate, embellishing with various designs.

The word lantaka may have been derived from the Malaysian dialect; it is generally applied to guns of this unique lantaka design. However in Kapampangan, there is a plant called balantakan which bears seed-fruits which are like white beads. In Lubao, these beads when dried were used as pellets for sulbatana (blow-pipe guns) even during the postwar period.

Southeast Asian Panday
Panday experts like Pande Pira most likely had a common ancestry, the Southeast Asians. The Southeast Asian metalsmithing was probably blended with the introduction of Portuguese and Dutch technologies. Pande Pira could have learned the merged culture of metal smithing which had made him the first recognized expert by the Spanish authorities who arrived in Manila, as early as 1511. The Portuguese already made Malacca a trading port - 60 years earlier before the foundation of Intramuros in Manila where he was called to manage a foundry of cannons for the Spanish authorities.

A long period of alliance between the Kapampangans and the Spaniards made the latter’s power stay on foot. The Spanish armada was always reinforced with Kapampangan soldiers and supplied with locally made artilleries of lantaka cannos fashioned after Panday Pira’s influences. Thus to date, one of the finest examples of these weaponry technology are those recently recovered from the wreck of San Diego, a Spanish flagship sank during a naval battle between the Kapampangan reinforced Spanish armada and the Dutch forces led by Olivier van Noort in the Manila Bay area. Archaeologically, most of the artillery finds exhibits Portuguese technology. Thus it is noteworthy to surmise that Panday Pira’s famous indigenous knowledge that time was already influenced heavily by European standard of metal working.

K-Balikatan: Tipul a darayu: Pakwan, pack all!

Tipul a darayu: Pakwan, pack all!
Neng Joel Pabustan Mallari

“Nung nu ya mabpang tipul, karin ya mo masanlung”
- matwang diparan
1732 Diccionario dela Lengua Pampango
nang Fray Diego Bergaño, O.S.A.

“Ing Arayat palsintan de ding aliwang lalawigan
Uling iti balita ya, yang pagkarinan nang Sinukuan
Mexico santul at manga paniabyan la king kaniaman
Ing Candaba bulalag ya karing asan ampon pakwan
Santa Ana ding dalaga kabalitan la king leguan
San Simon Ampon ing San Luis pupupul yang pale dakal.”
- Eufrociña Dela Peña
“Ding Balen ning Kapampangan”
Disyembri 7, 1981


Ing matwang kasebyan a iti parikil ya pa murin kng kasalungsungang bili ning Kapampangan. Iti pakatuki ya kng masasanlung a kapalaran ning metung a ayup a tipul na potang mamabpang ya kng gabun anti ing kng pinak nung nu ya kukwang pamangan.

Ing bulan ning Pibreru ing panawun da ring pamanyatang da ring ayup kalupa ning tipul a mag-migrate ibat king lipat dagat. Ing bilang dng lilipo ayup areti meritak na la pauli na kanu ning dng ortelano na memananaman pakwan at milun karing bana at plasdan ning kapinakan, at dng iligal a mangasu na mamandakap kareting ayup a darayu. Anya kanu ing populasyun da reting mesabing ayup ikwa dang meritak, agpang na mu rin kng report ning Asian Waterbird Census bista man at miragdagan la kanu dng lugal a telaga dang pisantungan para kareti. Iti ing meging puna da ring antimo kimutan a Wild Bird Club (WBC), ing Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), ing Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau at ning lokal a gubyernu anyang ginawa lang surbey dng kng Asian Waterbird Census 2010 karetang piling lugal ning Balen Candaba - kng Paralaya, Doña Simang at Perlas.

Agpang karing mengapapalabas a report, ketang banwang 2008, atin migit-kumulang a 17,000 a ayup a darayu o migratory birds deng linto memisita kng Pinak Candaba. Iti basi ya ketang 24-oras a sensus na depat ra kanita na penimunan ning Wild Bird Club of the Philippines (WBCP) kng kasawpan ning lokal a gubyernu ning Balen Candaba.


I Michael Lu, pamuntuk ning WBCP, ing sinabing kanitang banwang 2008, atin 80 uri da ring ayup a dinayu ketang 100-ektaryang plasdan nang Meyor Jerry Pelayo keta king Barangay Doña Simang at keta king Barangay Paralaya. Karing ikit da, kayabe la dng tiktak kng kalagad a Shrenck’s Bittern, Great Bittern, Gadwall, Coot, Philippine Mallard o dng awsan dang dumara keti, pati na detang Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia). Agpang kng rekord ibat kng WBCP, atin e bababa kng 3 malagad nang tutung klasi dng ayup a ikit da kanita: ing Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio), Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus) at itang Black-Crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax). Iti metung yang bayung rekord para kng bangsa. Dagdag napang Michael Lu, na ing banwaan a pamamilang anting surbey gagawan de iting agnan-agnan kng mabilug a yatu bilang kayabe kng pamanigaral da kng pulayi ning pamandayu at kasangkanan nung bakit la lilipo deting mesabing ayup. Alimbawa kaniti, ikit da ing mababang bilang da ring darayung ayup ngening banwa a dudurut mu kng bilang a 12,000, kumpara ketang 13,160 a ayup a dintang anyang 2009, o itang 17,000 naman anyang 2008 at 11,500 naman ketang banwang 2007

Pero nanu mong bayu kng malilyari keti lugal Kapampangan? Alimbawa ing kapinakan ning Candaba malambat neng pitatamnan pakwan at milun. Iti palak yang minuna karing pansin a ikit da ring miyaliwang awtoridad na sasabi ngeni na anya meritak la ring ayup a darayu pauli da ring pamankumberti da ring plasdan bilang pakwanan, milunan at palayan. Mula pa kng balu dang samula dng memalen a ortelanu kng kapinakan atin na kanung tatanam pakwan, milun, pale at aliwa pang tanaman. Kabang anyang dekadang ’30 anyang mikamaragulan kanung pamananaman pakwan at milun, at dakadang ’70 naman anyang pale naman ing meumpisan mitanam kng leparan ning pinak. Iti agpang na murin karing makatwang ortelanu at manasan na manuknangan karing gilid ning pinak anti dng baryu-baryu dng balen ning Sang Luis at Candaba. Ing pinak na lakwas ya karagul kanita kng sukad na ngening 32,000 ha, atin yang dakal a danuman a tinabang, at mangalapad a bana at dakal a sapa. Agpang kng tradisyun keti, dng tau balu deng daratang at pagsaryan ing panawun ning pamanalbug, lalu na patse panawun ning kauran. At balang panawun ning pamanalbug, mangamate la ring pesti anti dng dagis a maralas manyira karing pale at miyaliwa pang tanam. Kng kilub ning banwaan a pamangabyayan, adwang uri ning pamamupul ing gagawan da ring tau keti, pamamupul asan karing panawun ning pamanalbug, at pamamupul pale, pakwan at milun patse panawun ning kaleldo. Nanupata arapin, lulungkut la ring tau nung e lalbug uling asan a mibubulus, alang pesting mamamate at gabun a tataba dala ning albug. Makanyan mu naman nung alang pupul karing tanam, misna la naman kalumbe uling sira ya bunga ing burak ning pinakan. Nanuman ing maging pulayi ketang mengapapalabas, kayabe kng tradisyun a iti ing pamandayu da ring lipo-lipo ayup na kng e man pisasarayan mako’t dating lamung alang nanuman karing tau – manasan man o dng tatanam. Alang pisasabyan nung makapal la populasyun o ditak lamu dng ayup. Nanupata, eya isyu ing pamananaman, at mipalyaring aliwang bage ing mas igit at dapat dinan pansin. Iti ing reklamasyun kng gabun na gagawan da na ngening pitututknangan tau anti dng kelat nang subdibisyon, memorial park, lugal daring mangaragula a planta at industriya, miyaliwang parke anti dng golf courses, man-made lakes and resorts at dakal pang e abilang a artipisyal a pipupuntutalan. Katunayan, nung masisilip ya ing pamananaman pakwan at milun, o bakit dng bayung tanaman a lotus na ibat bangsa ero yayabe keting pisasabyan? O kaya detang bayung mamanyalatang janitor fish na tutung ilang magsilbing pesti emu kng tanam dng ortelanu nunge ila dng matalik manyira ngeni kng mayap a pamibalansi ning naturalesa ning kapinakan.


Kapilan ya pa meging salungat kng natural a pulayi ning yatu ing pamananaman? Kabang ing pamananaman magsilbi yang mayap a dapat kanita paman, anya mika-parabula na naman ning metung a manasik agpang kng Banal a Kasulatan uling tutung mayap yang belwan ning tau iti. Iti ing bage a maralas ing tau, dng memalen karin lang lalu magkulang. Anya dng pakwan at milun, ing pale pati na dng atbu, dng miyaliwang gule na mayap mitatanam karing balang marangle – deti dng bage a e dapat pagkamalyan daptan. Deti dng bage na mayap pang gawan, uling emu dng tau dng mumunang makinabang karing pupul da reti, nunge kayabe na la naman keti dng miyaliwang lasip at animales keti. Emu ing bunga dng balang pupul, kayabe pane keti ing malinis a angin a baby da ring tanaman na lalto nang mas mal pa kng produktung petrolyu. Anya titas ing presyu ning mayumu keti bangsa, anya manangkat tanamung abyas, anya asna kamal ing panyalwan karing gule ngeni, anya mamaglub nang lalu dng prutas anti dng ponkan, peras, mansanas etc. keti Pinas, anya kakapal na ing smog a tatakap keti labwad Kapampangan, iti pauli na ning diritak at diritak na lamu dng tatanam at tanamang pagkabye kabang darakal at mamakbung neman ing populasyun ning Pinas na matalik gigisan kareting tanaman. Bage na e na tagana biru ing labanan. Dng ayup a darayu keti, ela meritak pauli na ning dakal a pakwan at ditak nalamung plasdan, iti dala na pin ning dakal at mangaragul pang kasangkanan pang-metoyatu, - ing pamangamkam karing gabun pitamnan, matalik a pamanalis ning pulayi ning panawun at prublema kng miyaliwang dinat ning metoyatu dng maragul a babye pamanalis ning naturalesang akagisingan. Anya tutu pin na ing “tipul” nung nu ya mabpang, karin ya “masanlung”.

Karing darayung tipul, mampit ko pu.

___________

bundukpinatubu@yahoo.com; http://tarebalakdiscovery.blogspot.com/

K-Balen! Vicente “Enteng” Manansala (1910-1981)

Vicente “Enteng” Manansala (1910-1981)
Neng Joel Pabustan Mallari

Ing petsang Ineru 22, iyang aldo kebaytan ning metung karing pekabantug a pintor ning bangsa - Vicente Silva Manansala. Ninu mong makaganaka pa kaya? Ninu wari iya? Wapin pala baka ditak lamu o baka ala na.

Miparangalan ya bilang metung karing Pambangsang Alagad ning Kalalangan o National Artist kng Painting anyang banwang 1981, I Vicente Manansala metung ya karing pagmaragul ning bangsa na pasimunu ning istilung “cubism”. Metung ya karing kayanib ning Thirteen Moderns na penimunan nang Victorio C. Edades, at metung karing Big Three ning kimutang modernista, kayabe di Cesar Legaspi at H. R. Ocampo. I Apung Enteng, ing menatagan ketang grupung Neo-Realists kayabe I Romeo Tabuena at Anita Magsaysay-Ho. Iya ing megdevelop kng istilung gagamit “transparent cubism” nung nu dng obra na menasa papakit lang temang makipigura, sasalamin kng metung a balen at lokal a kapaligiran. Iya ing, makiburi kng istilu at paralan da ri Picasso at Cezanne, at manwala yang ing tutung legwan ning kalalangan ati ya kng dalan ning pamaglalang kareti.



I Apung Enteng bayit ya Balen Macabebe, Pampanga anyang banwang 1910. Iya ing kadwang pangane karing walung mikakapatad dang anak di Perfecto Q. Manansala at Engracia Silva. Kng idad a 15, megaral yang pamagpinta ketang pintor a Ramon Peralta kabang makipagobra ya bilang mamangawang karatula karing sine at miyaliwang pwestu Menila. Megaral ya kng School of Fine Arts ning University of the Philippines anyang 1926 at meyari ya anyang 1930. Tiglus na ing pamagral na kng lalam ning kasawpan ning UNESCO grant keta kng École de Beaux Arts ning Banff and Montreal, ning Canada anyang 1949, kabang kng sawup ning gubyernung Pransya, mika iskolarship ya naman kng École de Beaux Arts ning Paris anyang 1950. Ing pamagsane na emu keti meyari, anyang 1960, menikwa ya naman grant ibat kng Estados Unidos ban pagaralan ne ing paralan ning kalalangang “stained glass” kng New York. Makanyan munaman migsane ya kng Otis Art Institute anyang 1967, at tinanggap yang metung pang grant anyang 1970, mula kng bangsang Aleman, ban magaral kanita kng Zurich .

I Apung Enteng, megrobra ya bilang talagulis kng Philippines Herald at Liwayway at bilang layout artist para kng Photonews at Saturday Evening News Magazine karetang banwang 1930’s. At bayu pa iti mekikipagobra ya pang mangabayat anting piun kng metung a konstraksyon anyang gagawan de ing Angat Dam kng Rizal. Pelabas ne ing pekamumuna nang one-man show kng Manila Hotel anyang 1951, at makanyan yang meging propesor kng University of Santo Tomas School of Fine Arts mula 1951 angang 1958. Mitda ya inawa anyang 1981 keta kng Makati .

Dakal karing mangsanting nang obra dng sinikat at pigkagulwan da ring kolektor at kritiku ning kalalangang biswal. Kayabe keti ing antimo ing Bangkusay Seascape (1940); Banaklaot (1948); Madonna of the Slums (1950); Jeepneys (1951); Reclining Mother and Child (1967). Makanyan munanan, mekagawa yang dakal a myural antimo ing “Stations of the Cross” ning UP Diliman Chapel, Myural ning Philippine Heart Center, Fresco myural ning National Press Club. At nung parangal mu naman at gawad pamangilala bukud kng post-humous award na binye ra kaya anyang mate ya, dakal la dng e abilang a kagalalan na dng ikwa na, deti dng megsilbing katunayan nung makananu ya kakinang ing gelingan na kng adle ning kalalangan biswal – ing arte na sasalamin kng kabyasnan at kabilyan da ring Pilipinu kanitang panawun na.

Kng kasalungsungan, bukud pa kang meangubieng Apung Enteng, dakal na ring Kapampangan dng memanikwang galal bilang Pambangsang Alagad ning Kalalangan antimo di Francisca Reyes Aquino, Galo B. Ocampo, Bencab, Fernando H. Ocampo, pati di Manuel Conde, Virgilio Almario, FPJ at Carlo J. Caparas. I F.R.Aquino na tau San Miguel, Bulacan ing mekilala kanita kng dake ning terak, kabang di Galo Ocampo (ning Sta.Rita) at Benedicto “Bencab” Cabrera (ning Sasmuan/ Malabon) naman kalupa de kategorya I Manasala kng dane ning kalalangang biswal. I Virgilio “Rio Alma” Almario (ning San Miguel) naman kng dake ning literatura at Manuel Conde, Magno Jose "Carlo” Caparas parewung batukan noman kng pamagdirek pelikula, kabang I Fernando Poe, Jr. naman bilang metung karing mangagaling a aktor ning pelikulang Pilipinu. Anya nung I Manansala sinikat ya karing dakal nang obrang miki-istilung cubism, I Galo Ocampo naman ketang pamosu nang “Brown Madonna” at ketang disenyu nang “Seal of the Philippine President” na gagamitan da pang opisyal ngeni. I Bencab naman karing daramatiku nang kagulisan karing miyaliwang temang makipigura. I Almario bukud kng dalubasa ya kng masasabing wikang Filipinu, dakal ya kawatasan, kwentu at sanese dng mengapalimbag, kabang ing kabalen nang I F.Aquino naman ing mayap a talasalugsug karing miyayaliwang katutubung terak dng Pilipinu kanita. Makanyan mu naman kari Conde, Caparas, at FPJ bukud kng mangagaling lang direktor karing pelikulang Pilipinu, ila dng memagpasikat karing palabas a atin temang maka-Pilipinu antimo dng seryeng “Panday” kanita na dinirek nang Caparas (na sinulat na pa ketang mumuna karing komiks) at lebasan na naman FPJ.

Nanupata, dakal a gelingan ing kasangkap na na ning aldoldong pamibiebie. Mupin, dakal karing gelingan a reti dng mengayambag na kanita manga na ngeni dng ena mapapansin. Antimo ing logo ning Ginebra San Miguel na ginulis na kanitang Fernando Amorsolo, metung a magaling a pintor ketang panawun na ing ala nang makabalu man o makaganaka maging karin mang dakal a talakainum at magpakalasing kng alak a iti. Anya masampat mung dng artista, pintor, at dakal a gogosa pa para kng ikalagu ning arte ning bangsa ing map mung miganakan o mipagmasusyan. Emu tutuknang kng mirinan lang parangal bilang Pambangsang Alagad ning Kalalangan nunge ing akit da ring memalen ing gewa ra, ing ulaga da reti at makananu lang mekasawup o makasawup para kng mayap a pamangabyayan at karangalan a abibye ra emu karing Kapampangan nunge pati na dng Pilipinu kng pangkabilugan. Makananu pa kaya nung dng aliwang pakakalulu mu pin mangayap at mangatinung artista, pintor, at dakal pa dng anga na ngeni dng e makikilala dng alang patugut munaman makakalingwan kng kilub ning aldoldo? Di Tang Aurelio Lobo, Pabs Rosas, Nick Cunan, Pablo Pineda, Frank Arcega, Leonardo Tulabut, Perfecto Mercado, Oskar Yabut, Eduardo Santuangco, Boy Mallari, at dakal pa…Lwid kopu. Gumulis, at magpinta tapa pu, dakpan tala pa pu kule dng miyaliwang kwentu ning pang-aldoldong bie. Ban emu dng kayanakan a pintor at talagulis dng kekong arinan inspirasyun nunge ing mabilug a memalen a Pilipinu.

Masayang aldo ning kebaytan nang kabalen Vicente Silva Manansala ning Balen Macabebe!
Makilakalatug pinggan ke pu!


VICENTE “ENTENG” SILVA MANANSALA

Research compilation by Joel Pabustan Mallari
Center for Kapampangan Studies
Holy Angel University , Angeles City

Vicente Silva Manansala (22 January 1910-22August 1981) was a Philippine cubist painter. Enteng as he was fondly called by his contemporaries is a Philippine modern painter known for popularizing Cubism. In 1981, he was posthumously recognized as one of the National Artists of the Philippines in Visual Arts. His signature style is based on Cubism, but rather than breaking down figures, shows them through transparent angular forms.
Enteng is the first Kapampangan to get a title National Artists of the Philippines , where the likes of his fellow kabalen visual artist followed suit, namely Galo Ocampo of Sta.Rita and, Bencab of Sasmuan.

Kapampangan background
Enteng was born in 1910 in Macabebe, Pampanga, the second of eight children. The year before he started college, he worked as a painter of movie posters. He married Hermengilda Diaz in 1937. He died in 1981 in Makati .

Scholarly education
He studied at the UP School of Fine Arts for 1926-1930 . He went abroad for further studies on a six-month UNESCO grant to Ecole de Beaux Arts in Banff and Montreal , Canada in 1949 and a nine-month French government scholarship to the Ecole de Beaux Arts, Paris in 1950. In 1960 he received a U.S. Dept. of State Specialist grant to study the making of stained glass in New York . He also took further studies at the Otis Art Institute in 1967. In 1970, he received a German grant and went to study in Zurich .

Vivid career
Enteng was a billboard painter and laborer at the Ipo Dam Construction in 1930. He also worked as a an illustrator in 1941 for the Cultural Office of the Japanese Occupational Government. In 1941 he won first Prize in UST’s National Art Exposition for "Pounding Rice". His first one-man show was in 1951, at the Manila Hotel. This was subsequently followed by 7 others. He became one of the Thirteen Moderns and with Hernando Ocampo and Cesar Legaspi formed the triumvirate of neo-realists.
Manansala taught at the UST School of Fine Arts from 1951-1958. He made numerous murals, including the fifteen stations of the Cross for. U.P.’s Church of the Holy Sacrifice; the mural in the Philippine Heart Center; and a fresco mural for the National Press Club.

His major works include:
• 1940 – Bangkusay Seascape
• 1948 – Banaklaot
• 1950 – Madonna of the Slums
• 1951 – Jeepneys
• 1967 – Reclining Mother and Child

He also painted several historical murals including:
• Stations of the Cross for UP Diliman Chapel
• Mural for Philippine Heart Center
• Fresco mural for the National Press Club

Prized achievements:
• 1941 – 1st Prize, National Art Exhibition, UST, for Pounding Rice
• 1950 – 1st Prize, Manila Grand Opera House Exhibition, for Barong-Barong #1
• 1950 – 1st Prize, Art Association of the Philippines First Annual Art Competition, for Banaklaot
• 1951 First Prize, Republic Exposition
• 1951-58 Professor, UST School of Fine Arts
• 1953 – 2nd Prize, Art Association of the Philippines, for Kahig (Scratch)
• 1955 – 2nd Prize, Art Association of the Philippines, for Fish Vendors
• 1955 – 3rd Prize, Art Association of the Philippines, for Best-Served, Well-Gained
• 1957 – Outstanding UP Alumnus
• 1962 – 2nd Prize, Art Association of the Philippines, for Give Us This Day
• 1962 – Best in Show, Art Association of the Philippines, for Give Us This Day
• 1963 – Republic Cultural Heritage Award
• 1970 – Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award, from the City of Manila

Enteng’s Timeline
• 1910 Born the second of eight children Jan 22 in Macabebe, Pampanga
• 1925 Worked at a Manila painting shop doing movie posters; First oil painting
• 1926-30 UP School of Fine Arts
• 1930 Billboard painter and laborer in the Ipo Dam Construction
• 1937 Married Hermenigilda Diaz
• 1934 Worked as a mess boy aboard the English ship Silver Palm
• 1941 Illustrator, Cultural Office in local Hodobu, Japanese Occupational Government
• 1941 First Prize, National Art Exposition by UST for "Pounding Rice".
• 1949 UNESCO grant to study in Banff and Montreal , Canada
• 1950 First Prize, Art Association of the Philippines First Annual Art Competition for Banaklaot; Key synthesizer of Neo-Realism style
• 1950 French Government scholarship to study at the University of Paris
• 1951 First One man show at the Manila Hotel; seven others since
• 1951 First Prize, Republic Exposition
• 1951-58 Professor, U.S.T. School of Fine Arts
• 1957 Outstanding UP Alumnus Distinction
• 1960 U.S. Dept. of State Specialist grant to study stained glass techniques in New York
• 1963 Republic Heritage Award
• 1967 Otis Art Institute
• 1970 German grant to study in Zurich
• 1970 Araw ng Maynila Award
• 1981 Died in Makati
• 1981 Proclaimed NATIONAL ARTIST (posthumous)
• 1992 The World of Manansala- Metropolitan Museum of Manila

Selected references
Duldulao, Manuel. A Century of Realism in Philippine Art. Quezon City :Legacy Publishers, 1992.
http://iloko.tripod.com/Manansala/ Timeline of Manansala’s Life
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about_cultarts/comarticles.php?artcl_Id=169 Hernandez, Eloisa P. “The American and Contemporary Traditions in Philippine Visual Arts.”
Duldulao, Manuel D. 1988 (revised edition of 1982 work). A Century of Realism in Philippine Art. Hong Kong : Toppan Printing Company and ORO BOOKS.
Duldulao, Manuel D. 1993. Twentieth Century Filipino Artists. Quezon City : Legacy Publishers.
Hofilena, Ramon, H. 1974. Manansala. Silay City . 24 p. monograph. 500 copies printed.
Paras-Perez, Rodolfo. 1972. From the collection of Dr. and Mrs. Guillermo
Damian: Manansala Landscape Watercolors. 20 p. Manila . 23 cm.
Paras-Perez, Rodolfo. 1995. Edades and the 13 moderns. (compiled with Belen Ponferrada and Victoria T. Herrera). Manila : National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Committee on Visual Arts. 85 p. 31 cm.